Message by HOD

It is my privilege to introduce the Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology, which has came into existence since the establishment of Government Medical College Srinagar in year 1959. The Department has the honor of producing many postgraduates who turned out to be the stalwarts of the medical fraternity.

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Contact Details

Academic

  1. Students (Syllabus, academic calendar)
  2. B.B.S Undergraduate Course

3rd Semester

 

                             

  1. General Pharmacology: (Routes of Drug administration, Factors modifying drug dose and response, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Drug Dose and Individualizations of drug dose, Pharmacogenetics, Drug interactions, Adverse drug reactions, Drug Development. P Drug concept and essential drugs).
  2. Drugs acting on ANS: (General considerations, Cholinergic transmission, parasympathomimetics, Anticholinergic agents, Adrenergic neurotransmission, Sympathomimetics, Adrenoreceptor blocking drugs, Skeletal muscle relaxants, Drugs affecting the transmission in autonomic ganglia).
  3. Respiratory Pharmacology: (Bronchodilators and pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma, Antitussives and pharmacotherapy of cough).
  4. Gastrointestinal drugs: (Drug therapy of peptic ulcer, Emetics and anti-emetics, Drugs affecting gastrointestinal motility, Gall stone dissolving agents).
  5. Autacoids: (Histamine and anti-histaminic drugs, Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory drugs, Serotonin and anti-serotonergics agents, Prostaglandins and related drugs, PAF).

4th Semester

 

                             

  1. Cardiovascular Pharmacology: (Drug treatment of heart failure, Anti-hypertensive agents and Drug therapy for hypertension, Anti-arrhythmic agents, Drugs for myocardial ischemia, Potassium channel openers, Drug therapy of shock, Lipid lowering agents).
  2. Central Nervous System Pharmacology: (General anesthetics, Local anesthetics, Therapeutic gases, Alcohol Antiepileptics, Drugs used in Parkinsonism and muscle spasm, Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs, Anti-Psychotic drugs, Psycho-stimulants, Nootropic agents, Opoid analgesics and antagonists, Drug Abuse and dependence, CNS-stimulants).
  3. Hematological Pharmacology: (Hematinics, Coagulants and anti-coagulants, Vitamins, Thrombolytic and anti-platelet drugs).
  4. Renal Pharmacology: (Diuretics).

5th Semester
  • Dermatological Pharmacology: (Drugs used in various dermatological disorders).

                                 

  1. Antimicrobials and Chemotherapy: (General considerations, sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, quinolones and fluroquinolones, pencillins, cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, macrolides and related drugs, antitubercular drugs, Chemotherapy of leprosy, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, antiseptics and disinfectants, antimalarials drugs, antihelmintic drugs, drugs used in the treatment of Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Leishmaniasis, antiviral chemotherapy, antiretroviral drugs (AIDS), antifungal agents, immunization, vaccines and sera).
  2. Cancer Chemotherapy: (Antineoplastic agents, immunomodulators).
  3. Endocrine and reproductive system pharmacology: (Hormones of Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary hormones, Posterior pituitary hormones, Thyroid and antithyroid drugs, pancreatic hormones, and antidiabetic drugs, adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogs, Female hormones, Male hormones, Oxytocys and uterine relaxants, calcium metabolism, parathyroid hormones, calcitonin, Vitamin D
  4. Ophthalmic Pharmacology: (Mydriatics, mitotic, drugs used for glaucoma, ocular antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents).
  5. Toxicology: (Chelating agents).

Practicals

 

 

 

  • 3rd Semester
  1. Prescription writing
  2. Prescription audit/CCR (criticize, correct and rewrite the prescription)
  3. Dosage calculation including Pharmacoeconomic problems
  • 4th Semester
  1. Experimental pharmacology-Animal Experiment
  2. Qualitative/Quantitative experimental Charts
  • 5th Semester
  1. Clinical pharmacology charts
  2. Clinical problem solving exercise
  3. Syllabus for MD Pharmacology

1st Year Theory

 

 

  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Central nervous system
  • Autacoids
  • Hematopoietic system
  • Preclinical evaluation of new drugs and toxicity studies, Important landmarks in the growth and development of Pharmacology, Important contribution of renowned Indian and foreign Pharmacologists, Principles and modes of drug administration, source, nature and preparations of drugs, Qualitative and Quantitative Pharmacokinetics.
  • Quantitative and experimental pharmacology, Study design, Biostatics, Drug receptor interactions and response including pD and pA values.
  • Screening for pharmacological activity with special reference to the following activities:
  • Analgesic-antipyretic
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Sedative-hypnotics
  • Anti-psychotics
  • Anti-depressant
  • Anti-parkinsonian

1st Year Practicals

 

                     

  • Experimental pharmacology:
  • Handling of animals, collection of blood and urine samples.
  • Assembly of organ bath and setting of thermostat.
  • Isolated tissue preparation.
  • To prepare log dose response curve of suitable drug on :
  • Guinea pig ileum.
  • Guinea pig tracheal chain.
  • Guinea pig vas deferens.
  • To perform four point bioassay of a suitable drug on:
  • Guinea pig ileum.
  • Guinea pig vas deferens.

 

  • Clinical/Human experiments:
  • To study the effect of following activities in health human volunteers:
  • To demonstrate the use of any model as an experimental tool on human subjects without administration of any drug/beverage for evaluation of analgesic activity, psychomotor function, cardiac parameters (HR, BP).
  • Physical stress.
  • Mental stress.
  • To determine lung volumes.
  • To perform: EEG, Nystagmography, Spirometry, ECG, Treadmill test/Bicycle Ergometry/Master Step test.
  • Psychomotor tests.

 

2nd Year Theory

 

 

  • Cardiovascular system.
  • Respiratory system.
  • Gastrointestinal system.
  • Renal pharmacology.
  • Drugs interactions, adverse drug reactions.
  • Methods of new drug development.
  • Factors modifying drug response.
  • Step up and step down methods of LD.
  • Screening for pharmacological activity with special reference to the following activities:
  • Anti-diabetic
  • Autonomic
  • Anti-anginal
  • Hypotensive
  • Diuretic
  • Recent advances in Pharmacology-Part 1

 

2nd Year Practicals

 

 

                            

  • To prepare log dose response curve of suitable drug on :
  • Frog rectus abdominis.
  • Rabbit atrium

 

  • To perform four point bioassay of a suitable drug on:
  • Rat colon
  • Rat uterus

 

  • To prepare cumulative log dose response curve of suitable drug on rabbit aorta.
  • Screening Tests on animals to study the following activities:
  • Motor in-coordination
  • Anxiolytic effect
  • Despair behavior
  • Anticonvulsant effect
  • Diuretic activity
  • Spontaneous motor activity
  • Analgesic effect
  • Conditioned Avoidance Response
  • Antipsychotic effect.
  • Anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Chemical analysis:
  • To do chemical estimation of various drugs including sulphonamides and salicylates, chemical identification of alkaloids, glycosides and basic chemical parameters like blood sugar levels, blood urea levels, lipid profile etc

3rd Year Theory

 

 

  • Endocrine Pharmacology
  • Chemotherapy
  • Miscellaneous: Vitamins, Heavy metals, vaccines and sera, antiseptic etc.
  • Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
  • Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
  • Structure-activity relationship of important group of drugs.
  • Screening for pharmacological activity with special reference to the following activities:
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-secretory
  • Anti-allergic
  • Local anesthetic
  • Smooth muscles
  • Anti-fertility
  • Anti-cancer
    • Recent advances in Pharmacology-Part II

3rd Year Practicals

 

 

 

  • To prepare log dose response curve of suitable drug on :
  • Rat colon
  • Rat uterus
  • Rat gastric fundus
  • Rat anococcygeus muscle.
  • To perform four point bioassay of a suitable drug on:
  • Rat gastric fundus
  • Frog rectus abdominis.
  • To study the stimulatory and depressant effects of drugs on Rabbit gut.
  • To study the effect of coronary vasodilator drug on perfused rabbit heart (Langendorff’s technique)
  • Determination of ED50 of histamine on Guinea pig ileum.
  • Determination of ED50 of acetylcholine on frog rectus abdominis muscle.
  • Determination of pD2 value of histamine on Guinea pig ileum.
  • Determination of pD2 value of acetylcholine on frog rectus abdominis muscle.
  • Determination of pA2 value of acetylcholine on Guinea pig ileum.
  • To study the effect of unknown drugs using Rabbit eye.
  • To study the stimulatory and depressant effects of Drugs on Blood pressure of rat.
  • Computer Aided Learning (CAL) programme:
  • Proficiency in using CAL programs for demonstration of effects of drugs on animals.
  • Statistics:
  • Use of calculators and electronic spread sheets for understanding of:
  • Elements of data collection and presentation of data.
  • Measurement of central tendency and dispersion.
  • Non parametric tests
  • Parametric tests (including ANOVA).
  • Correlation and regression